After binding to the promoter sequence on the DNA molecules, RNA polymerase unwinds a portion of the DNA double helix. There may be multiple promoter sequences present in a DNA molecule. The promoter sequence is the sequence of a fragment of DNA where the process begins.
This enzyme attaches itself to the DNA molecules and moves along with it until it recognizes a promoter sequence. The process of transcription is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Three different phases of transcriptions are explained below- Initiation Enzymatic catalyzation is very crucial at every step of this process. Transcription takes place in three distinct steps. The RNA transcript carries the information which is then used to encode a protein. The objective of transcription is to make a copy of RNA from the DNA sequence. The DNA strand that corresponds to the mRNA is called the coding strand. The RNA molecules thus produced are single-stranded RNA called the messenger RNA or mRNA. This strand undergoing the process is known as the template strand. Transcription takes place when there is a need for a particular gene product at a specific time or in a specific tissue or spot.ĭuring the process of transcription, only one strand of DNA is copied.
The genetic information flows from DNA to RNA and into the proteins and this flow of information takes place in a sequential process of transcription and translation. The process of gene expression begins with transcription. Transcription can be defined as the process of the first step of gene expression that involves the copying of information on DNA strands into the RNA molecules. We will learn more about DNA transcription in this chapter. Translation- It is the next step in which coding proteins as per the DNA codes takes place.Transcription- It is the first step of gene expression wherein a segment of DNA is copied into RNA.Replication- It is the process of copying of genetic information by DNA strands during cell division.
DNA TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION STEPS CODE
It undergoes a three-stage process- Replication, transcription, and translation to code the information. Earlier, proteins were believed to be the carriers of inheritance, but the discovery of DNA has led us to unravel how DNA codes for the proteins. More research on DNA and a deeper understanding of its chemical properties have led us to know more about inheritance, genetic codes, and so on. One of the most notable milestones in molecular biology is the discovery of DNA as genetic material.
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